Hydraulic Jump of Water in a Rectangular Channel — ANSYS Fluent CFD SimulationDescriptionA hydraulic jump is what happens when fast, shallow water abruptly slows down: the flow height rises sharply, velocity drops, and energy is dissipated in a turbulent transition. It's a key phenomenon in open-channel and agricultural water systems — spillways, irrigation canals, and energy-dissipation structures all rely on understanding where and how strongly a jump forms. This project uses ANSYS Fluent to capture that transition and locate exactly where the jump occurs for two different inlet flow rates. Within the Hydraulic & Civil: Beginner CFD Training Package, this project introduces one of the classic phenomena of open-channel flow, applying the two-phase VOF method to a fundamental transition in a simple rectangular channel.MethodologyThe water–air system is modeled with the VOF (Volume of Fluid) multiphase approach, which tracks the free surface between the flowing water and the surrounding ambient air. The fluid domain is built in Design Modeler, and a structured mesh of 231,646 elements is generated in ANSYS Meshing. The case is solved as a steady, pressure-based simulation with gravity included (−9.81 m/s² in the Y-direction). Turbulence is modeled with the standard k-ε model using standard wall treatment, and the VOF model runs with implicit volume-fraction formulation and implicit body forces over two Eulerian phases (air and water). Air enters through a pressure inlet at zero gauge pressure, while water enters through a mass flow inlet. The simulation is run for two inlet water flow rates to compare their effect on the jump. Pressure–velocity coupling uses the SIMPLE scheme, with PRESTO! for pressure, second-order upwind for momentum, and Modified HRIC for the volume fraction.AnalysisThe results show the hydraulic jump forming at different downstream locations depending on flow rate: the jump occurs about 0.9 m downstream for the lower flow rate and about 2.8 m downstream for the higher one — the stronger flow carries its momentum farther before transitioning. From these results you can see how the jump location and strength respond to the inlet conditions and how energy is dissipated across the transition. By the end of this project, you'll be able to set up a free-surface VOF simulation, configure the appropriate solver and discretization schemes for two-phase open-channel flow, and predict where a hydraulic jump forms as a function of inlet conditions.

Pond Overflow — ANSYS Fluent CFD SimulationDescriptionWhen water spills over an ogee overflow and discharges into a pond, the way it behaves depends heavily on whether the flow runs as a free surface or under pressure. Capturing that difference is essential for designing spillways and overflow structures that handle their intended flow safely. In this project, you'll use ANSYS Fluent to simulate water flowing over an ogee overflow into a pond, comparing two distinct flow regimes side by side. Within the Hydraulic & Civil: Beginner CFD Training Package, this project moves from open channels toward hydraulic structures, introducing overflow behavior and the important distinction between free-surface and pressurized flow.MethodologyThe model is built in two dimensions in ANSYS DesignModeler as an ogee overflow leading into a pond, and two separate cases are studied. In the first, the flow is a free surface reaching the overflow at a defined height with a flow rate of 140 kg/s; in the second, the water flows under pressure with a flow rate of 420 kg/s. The geometry is configured in two variants — one that includes an upstream region before the overflow and one that omits it — and the inlet is split into separate water-flow and airflow sections. Meshing is carried out in ANSYS Meshing using a semi-structured grid, with roughly 20,100 elements for the free-flow case and 16,400 for the pressure-flow case. Because both cases involve a moving interface between air and water, a two-phase Volume of Fluid (VOF) model is used, with air defined as the primary phase and water as the secondary phase.AnalysisFrom the results, you'll examine 2D contours of pressure and velocity along with the volume-fraction field that reveals the free surface and the path of the water into the pond. You'll also obtain a plot of static pressure along the flow direction for both models, allowing a direct comparison between the free-surface and pressurized regimes. By the end of this project, you'll be able to set up a two-phase free-surface flow in ANSYS Fluent using the VOF model, configure and compare multiple flow scenarios on a single hydraulic structure, and interpret the results to understand how overflow conditions change the pressure and velocity behavior.

Spillway (2-D & Transient), Two-Phase Flow — ANSYS Fluent CFD SimulationDescriptionThis project simulates the two-phase flow of water and air over an ogee spillway — the curved overflow structure used in dams to pass excess water safely downstream. When flow meets an obstruction, the water level rises behind it and accelerates over the crest; an ogee profile is shaped specifically to match the natural nappe of falling water, minimizing pressure problems and maximizing discharge efficiency. Capturing the free water surface as it spills over the crest is the core of the problem and a classic application of free-surface CFD in civil and hydraulic engineering. Within the Free Surface Flow: Beginner CFD Training Package, this project builds on the ogee spillway case by solving it as a fully transient two-phase problem, watching the free surface develop over the crest in time.MethodologyThe physics is handled with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) multiphase model, which tracks the sharp air–water interface as it deforms over the spillway, with the standard k-ε model closing the turbulence. Because the whole point is to watch the water move, accelerate, and form its surface profile over the crest, the case is solved as transient. Water enters the computational domain at a mass flow rate of 0.05 kg/s and flows over the spillway against the air phase. The geometry is built in ANSYS Design Modeler and meshed in ANSYS Meshing with a structured mesh of 12,846 elements — structured here because the spillway's smooth, well-defined geometry suits a clean, aligned grid along the flow path.AnalysisContours of pressure, velocity, and phase volume fraction are extracted across the domain, revealing the water surface profile over the crest, the acceleration of the flow down the spillway face, and the pressure distribution along the structure — exactly the quantities a hydraulic engineer uses to assess discharge capacity and surface pressures. The project includes the geometry and mesh file plus a comprehensive training movie walking through the full setup, solution, and extraction of all results. By the end of this project, you'll be able to set up a transient VOF air–water free-surface case, define mass-flow inflow over a curved spillway, apply standard k-ε turbulence, and read the free-surface profile and pressure field from volume-fraction and pressure contours.

Sloshing Water in a Cube with Transitional Motion, ANSYS Fluent TrainingDescriptionThis project investigates the transitional motion of a cube containing water and air using ANSYS Fluent, examining how fluid sloshing develops as the container itself accelerates.The fluid domain geometry was designed in Design Modeler, with the computational grid generated in ANSYS Meshing using an unstructured mesh totaling 168,367 elements.MethodologyThe interaction between water and air within the cube is modeled using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) multiphase approach, chosen for its efficiency and precision in capturing the interface location between phases — making it one of the most widely used methods for multiphase flow investigation due to its favorable computational cost.The cube accelerates along the X-direction at 5 m/s², while gravitational acceleration acts along the -Y direction on the multiphase fluid. The simulation was run using an unsteady (transient) time solver.ConclusionThis project models a simplified sloshing scenario relevant to fluid containers subjected to acceleration, such as those found in moving carrier vehicles — where similar sloshing behavior commonly occurs.The results show that pressure on the cube's bottom surface varies systematically with position, increasing progressively further from the cube's front face. This trend reflects the fluid's inertial response to the applied acceleration: as the cube accelerates forward, water is driven toward the rear of the container, building up higher local pressure there. Gauge pressure at the bottom surface starts at 1290 Pa near the front and rises to a peak of 6500 Pa at the back face of the cube — a roughly five-fold increase that clearly demonstrates how translational acceleration reshapes the pressure distribution within a partially filled, sloshing container.

Sloshing of a Tanker Truck — ANSYS Fluent CFD SimulationThis project simulates the sloshing behavior of liquid inside a tanker truck during braking, using ANSYS Fluent. The two-phase flow field is modeled using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, with air as the primary phase and water as the secondary phase. The truck is traveling at 15 m/s and decelerates to a stop over 3 seconds, meaning the water inside the tank experiences both gravitational acceleration and braking deceleration during this period.Geometry and MeshThe geometry was created in SpaceClaim, with the tanker measuring 12,300 × 1,900.1867 mm. The model was meshed in ANSYS Meshing using a structured mesh throughout the domain, totaling 233,700 cells.Setup and AssumptionsGiven the incompressible nature of the flow, a pressure-based, transient solver is used. Gravity is set to -9.81 m/s² along the Y-axis, while braking deceleration is applied along the X-axis as 5 m/s² for the first 3 seconds and zero afterward, defined through a time-dependent expression.The multiphase model is set to VOF with two phases—air (primary) and water (secondary)—using sharp interface modeling, explicit formulation, and a constant surface tension coefficient of 0.072 N/m. Turbulence is modeled using the realizable k-epsilon model with scalable wall functions.Air is defined with a density of 1.225 kg/m³ and viscosity of 1.7894×10⁻⁵ kg/m·s, while water-liquid has a density of 998.2 kg/m³ and viscosity of 0.001003 kg/m·s.The SIMPLE scheme is used for pressure-velocity coupling, with PRESTO! for pressure and second-order upwind discretization for momentum, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulent dissipation rate. The volume fraction is solved using a compressive scheme. The domain is initialized using the standard method, with the water region patched to a volume fraction of 1.The simulation runs with a time step size of 0.002 s, a maximum of 20 iterations per time step, and a total of 5,000 time steps.ResultsUpon completion, contours of velocity, pressure, water volume fraction, eddy viscosity, streamlines, and turbulence intensity are extracted. The results show that under the combined effects of gravity and braking deceleration, the water inside the tanker shifts and impacts the front wall of the tank. After the 3-second braking period ends, the truck comes to rest and gravity becomes the only force acting on the water.

DescriptionThis project simulates sludge flow settling in a pipe using ANSYS Fluent, investigated through CFD analysis. Sludge transport and sedimentation in process piping is a common concern in chemical engineering, where solid-laden fluids are routinely conveyed and where predicting whether the solids stay suspended or settle out governs pipe sizing, flow velocity, and the risk of line blockage. In this project, water enters the pipe at a velocity of 0.01 m/s, carrying sludge particles, with gravity included at −9.81 m/s² along the y-axis. The geometry was created in Design Modeler and consists of two sections: a lower section holding resident water, and an upper section containing the inlet and outlet. The model was meshed in ANSYS Meshing using an unstructured grid of 390,742 cells.MethodologySludge flow is treated as a multiphase flow, since the sludge particles are carried within the water, so a multiphase model is required. Fluent offers the VOF, mixture, and Eulerian models for this purpose; for sludge flows, the Eulerian model is the usual choice — it is the most complex of the three and treats each phase as a fully interpenetrating continuum with its own governing equations, making it well suited to capturing the settling behavior of the solid phase.ConclusionOn completion of the solution, two-dimensional contours of velocity and of the sludge and water volume fractions were obtained, along with an animation of the water and sludge volume fractions over time. The results show the two-phase flow entering the pipe in a mixed state. As time progresses, the sludge begins to settle out under gravity while the lighter water continues to move, and the U-shaped geometry of the tube promotes this sedimentation. Together, these results illustrate how the solid phase separates from the carrier fluid in a pipeline — the kind of solid-liquid settling behavior that is central to slurry handling and sedimentation processes in chemical engineering.

Ammonia Absorption into Water in a Packed Tower, VOFDescriptionAbsorption is a method of separating components from a gas mixture by bringing it into contact with a liquid solvent, relying on differences in solubility to draw one or more gas components into the liquid phase — a process refineries commonly use to strip ammonia out of a gas stream. This project simulates ammonia absorption from air within an absorption tower using ANSYS Fluent, tracking how the gas and liquid streams interact as they pass through the column.The 3D vertical tower geometry was built in Design Modeler, with ammonia-laden airflow entering at 0.43 m/s through a bottom nozzle and exiting through the upper section, while liquid water enters at 0.0332 kg/s through a top nozzle and exits through the lower section — the two streams meeting and interacting as they move in opposite directions through the chamber. The domain was meshed in ANSYS Meshing using an unstructured grid totaling 478,882 elements.MethodologyThe VOF multiphase model was used to resolve the interaction between the one-percent-ammonia air stream and the water solvent as the two phases move counter-currently through the tower.ConclusionPost-processed results include 2D and 3D contours of pressure, velocity, turbulent viscosity, density, and the volume fractions of water, air, and ammonia, offering a complete picture of how each phase behaves throughout the tower. The volume fraction contours show ammonia concentration steadily declining in the gas phase as it rises through the chamber, while the corresponding water-phase contours show a matching increase in absorbed ammonia as the liquid descends and contacts the rising gas — direct confirmation that mass transfer occurs at the gas-liquid interface, rather than the two streams simply passing one another without interaction.The velocity and pressure fields further illustrate how the counter-current nozzle arrangement establishes the internal flow pattern that sustains this prolonged gas-liquid contact, central to the tower's separation performance. Together, these results confirm that the water phase effectively absorbs ammonia and separates it from the gas stream, demonstrating the core mechanism that makes packed absorption towers effective for gas purification in industrial process design.

Bubbles Motion under the Water with/without Shear Stress CFD Simulation, ANSYS Fluent TrainingDescriptionBubble dynamics sit at the heart of chemical engineering, since the rise, deformation, and coalescence of bubbles govern the gas-liquid interfacial area — and therefore mass transfer and reaction rates — in equipment such as bubble columns, aeration tanks, and gas-liquid contactors. This project simulates bubble motion rising through water over a plate, comparing cases with and without surface tension to assess how significantly this interfacial force affects bubble shape and behavior when the free surface between phases matters.The 2D geometry was built in SpaceClaim, spanning 50 mm long by 65 mm high, and meshed in ANSYS Meshing using a structured grid totaling 81,250 elements.MethodologyThe Volume of Fluid (VOF) model tracks the two Eulerian phases — air and water — using a sharp interfacial interface with explicit formulation, alongside a laminar viscous model, an initial bubble size of 2 × 10⁻⁴ m, and gravity applied at -9.81 m/s² along the Y-axis. The case was solved as transient using a pressure-based solver, with SIMPLE pressure-velocity coupling, PRESTO! for pressure discretization, second-order upwind for momentum, and a compressive scheme for volume fraction. The domain was initialized as fully patched with water and run over 1,900 adaptive time steps of 0.0002 s each. Two otherwise identical cases were compared, differing only in whether surface tension was included.ConclusionThe resulting bubble shapes reveal how significantly the simulation is affected when surface tension is omitted: without it, the bubble fails to hold its form and collapses under the surrounding water pressure, rather than maintaining the coherent shape that surface tension would otherwise sustain. This underlines the importance of including interfacial forces when modeling bubble behavior — a key consideration for accurately predicting interfacial area and mass transfer in chemical-process equipment.

Water Spraying from the Roof of the Greenhouse, ANSYS FluentDescriptionThis project simulates a greenhouse roof watering system — water sprayed from roof-mounted nozzles falling through air and accumulating on the surface below. It offers a clean introduction to two-phase flow under gravity, where the goal is to track where the water goes and how it distributes once it leaves the nozzle.The case is built as a 2D transient model in Design Modeler, with the domain split into two sections: a resident pool of water at the bottom and an upper region carrying a velocity inlet and an outlet. The tank sides are treated as walls. The domain was meshed in ANSYS Meshing, totaling approximately 208,921 elements.MethodologyPhysics is handled with the Eulerian multiphase model, using air as the primary phase and water as the secondary phase. Water enters at 0.3 m/s, with gravity acting at -9.81 m/s² along the y-axis, and turbulence is closed with the SST k-omega model. Since the spray develops over time — water pumping out, falling, and pooling — the case was solved as transient.ConclusionResults include velocity fields and air/water volume-fraction contours that capture the full sequence: water pumping through the roof nozzles, dropping under gravity, and spreading across the bottom surface. The volume-fraction field is the key output, showing coverage and where water collects — exactly what would be tuned in a real irrigation layout to ensure effective, even distribution across the greenhouse floor.

DescriptionThis project simulates the operation of a lawn sprinkler using ANSYS Fluent, investigated through CFD analysis. Efficient irrigation is a central concern of agricultural engineering, and understanding how water is thrown from a sprinkler and distributed over the ground surface is key to designing systems that water lawns and crops evenly.The system involves two fluids: air as the primary phase and water as the secondary phase, modeled with the Eulerian multiphase approach. The water jet enters the domain at a velocity of 0.5 m/s, with gravity included at −9.81 m/s² along the y-axis.Geometry & MeshThe 2D geometry was created in Design Modeler. Meshing was performed in ANSYS Meshing using an unstructured grid with no element quality below 0.54, giving a total cell count of 19,203,911.MethodologySeveral assumptions underpin the simulation: the solver is pressure-based and transient; only the fluid behavior is examined, so heat transfer is not modeled; and gravity acts at 9.81 m/s² along the y-axis.Viscous model — k-omega SST with the shear-flow correction optionMultiphase model — Eulerian, with air as the primary phase and water as the secondary phase, using the explicit formulationBoundary conditions — Inlet: velocity inlet with an initial mixture gauge pressure of 0, a water velocity magnitude of 0.5 m/s, and a water volume fraction of 1; Outlet: pressure outlet with backflow volume fractions of 1 for air and 0 for water; Walls: stationaryMethods — phase-coupled pressure-velocity coupling; PRESTO! for pressure; first-order upwind for momentum, specific dissipation rate, and volume fractionInitialization — standard method, with a water velocity of 0.5 m/s in the y-direction, zero air velocity, and a secondary-phase (water) volume fraction of 1ConclusionOn completion of the solution, two- and three-dimensional results for velocity and for the air and water volume fractions were obtained, along with an animation of the process. The simulation shows the water leaving the sprinkler nozzle, reaching the spreader fin, and — as time progresses — falling to the ground and spreading across the surface. This captures how the sprinkler distributes water over the lawn, providing insight useful for designing and optimizing irrigation systems in agricultural applications.