Premixed Combustion, Finite Rate/No TCI Model, ANSYS Fluent CFD Simulation TrainingDescriptionThis project simulates premixed combustion inside a two-dimensional combustion chamber using ANSYS Fluent, focusing on the Finite Rate/No TCI (Turbulence-Chemistry Interaction) model — a more detailed reaction modeling approach that provides deep insight into the pure chemical kinetics of combustion, independent of turbulence effects.The geometry was designed in SpaceClaim and meshed in ANSYS Meshing using a structured grid totaling 4,800 elements.MethodologyThe Species Transport model was used to represent the combustion process, incorporating a Chemkin mechanism file to capture detailed reaction chemistry — including 35 distinct reactions across 17 chemical species — with the volumetric option enabled to model combustion throughout the chamber.Turbulence-chemistry interaction was deliberately neglected through the Finite Rate/No TCI model, which focuses purely on detailed kinetic mechanisms rather than accounting for how turbulence influences reaction rates. This isolates the chemical aspects of combustion for focused study, without the added complexity of turbulence-chemistry coupling. The energy equation was enabled to accurately track temperature changes, with turbulence itself modeled using the standard k-epsilon model.ConclusionResults include temperature distribution contours, velocity profiles throughout the chamber, mass fractions for the various chemical species, and streamlines revealing the resulting flow patterns. These results offer detailed insight into how chemical reactions progress through the combustion chamber, how temperature evolves as a direct consequence of reaction kinetics, and how individual species form and are consumed throughout the process.By isolating pure chemical kinetics from turbulence effects, this simulation approach is particularly well suited to developing more efficient combustion systems, optimizing fuel compositions for specific applications, and understanding pollutant formation mechanisms at a fundamentally chemical level.

Non-Premixed Combustion, Non-Adiabatic, Chemical Equilibrium, ANSYS Fluent CFD TrainingDescriptionThis project simulates non-premixed combustion under non-adiabatic conditions inside a two-dimensional combustion chamber using ANSYS Fluent, focusing on the chemical equilibrium approach to reaction modeling. This provides insight into real-world combustion behavior where fuel and air enter the chamber through separate inlets, mixing and reacting only within the chamber itself.The geometry was designed in Design Modeler and meshed in ANSYS Meshing using a structured grid totaling 63,280 elements.MethodologyThe Non-Premixed Combustion model was used to represent the combustion process, applying a non-adiabatic energy treatment to realistically capture heat transfer effects, alongside a chemical equilibrium approach for predicting species concentrations throughout the domain. Since fuel and air enter through separate inlets, this setup closely mirrors the mixing and reaction dynamics found in real combustion chambers.A key component of this approach is a pre-generated Probability Density Function (PDF) table, which stores data on temperature variation, mixture density, and species mass fractions ahead of the main solution — substantially improving computational efficiency while providing a robust framework for chemical equilibrium calculations. The energy equation was enabled to accurately track temperature changes, with turbulence modeled using the standard k-epsilon model.ConclusionResults include temperature distribution contours, velocity profiles throughout the chamber, mass fractions for the various chemical species, and streamlines revealing the resulting flow and mixing patterns. These results offer insight into how combustion progresses within a non-premixed environment, how non-adiabatic conditions shape temperature evolution, how species form and are consumed throughout the reaction, and how secondary flow structures enhance mixing and overall combustion efficiency.These insights are directly applicable to designing more efficient industrial furnaces and combustors, optimizing fuel injection systems in gas turbines, and improving combustion chamber geometry for reduced emissions in real-world non-premixed combustion applications.

Non-Premixed Combustion, Steady Diffusion Flamelet, ANSYS Fluent CFD TrainingDescriptionThis project simulates non-premixed combustion inside a two-dimensional combustion chamber using ANSYS Fluent, focusing on the Steady Diffusion Flamelet model — an approach well suited to capturing the complex combustion processes commonly found in industrial applications, where fuel and air are introduced separately and mix within the chamber itself, mirroring real-world combustion behavior.The geometry was designed in Design Modeler and meshed in ANSYS Meshing using a structured grid totaling 63,280 elements.MethodologyThe Non-Premixed Combustion model was used to represent the combustion process, applying a non-adiabatic energy treatment to realistically capture heat transfer effects, alongside the Steady Diffusion Flamelet approach for accurately predicting flame structure. A Chemkin mechanism was imported into Fluent to generate the flamelet, modeling the turbulent flame brush as an ensemble of discrete, steady laminar flames — providing a detailed representation of the underlying chemical kinetics.To improve computational efficiency, a Probability Density Function (PDF) table was pre-generated ahead of the main simulation, storing temperature variation, mixture density, and species mass fraction data, enabling accurate representation of turbulence-chemistry interactions throughout the solution. The energy equation was enabled to accurately track temperature changes, with turbulence modeled using the standard k-epsilon model.ConclusionResults include temperature distribution contours, velocity profiles throughout the chamber, mass fractions for the various chemical species, and streamlines revealing the resulting flow and mixing patterns. These results offer insight into the structure and behavior of the non-premixed flame, how temperature evolves across different regions of the chamber, how species form and are consumed throughout the reaction, and how secondary flow structures enhance mixing and overall combustion efficiency.These insights are directly applicable to designing more efficient industrial burners and furnaces, optimizing fuel injection systems in gas turbines and diesel engines, and improving combustion chamber geometry for reduced emissions in real-world non-premixed combustion applications.

Partially Premixed Combustion, Non-Adiabatic, Chemical Equilibrium, ANSYS Fluent CFD TrainingDescriptionThis project simulates partially premixed combustion under non-adiabatic conditions inside a two-dimensional combustion chamber using ANSYS Fluent, focusing on the chemical equilibrium approach applied to a unique configuration where pure air and a fuel-air mixture interact directly within the chamber — a scenario commonly found in advanced combustion systems.The geometry was designed in Design Modeler and meshed in ANSYS Meshing using a structured grid totaling 4,700 elements.MethodologyThe Partially Premixed Combustion model was used to represent the combustion process, applying a non-adiabatic energy treatment to realistically capture heat transfer effects, alongside a chemical equilibrium approach for predicting species concentrations. Separate inlets for pure air and the fuel-air mixture allow this setup to closely mirror advanced real-world combustion configurations.A pre-generated Probability Density Function (PDF) table stored temperature variation, mixture density, and species mass fraction data ahead of the main simulation, improving computational efficiency while supporting the chemical equilibrium calculations throughout. Turbulent flame propagation was captured using the Zimont turbulent flame speed model, which accounts for the interaction between turbulence and chemical reactions.The simulation proceeded in two stages: an initial cold flow simulation to establish baseline flow patterns without combustion, followed by the combustion simulation itself, enabling the combustion equations and using the patch option to initialize the progress variable. The energy equation was enabled throughout to accurately track temperature changes, with turbulence modeled using the standard k-epsilon model.ConclusionResults include temperature distribution contours, velocity profiles throughout the chamber, mass fractions for the various chemical species, and streamlines revealing the resulting flow and mixing patterns. These results offer insight into how combustion progresses within a partially premixed environment, how non-adiabatic conditions shape temperature evolution, how species form and are consumed throughout the reaction, and how secondary flow structures enhance mixing and overall combustion efficiency.These insights are directly applicable to designing advanced gas turbine combustors, optimizing dual-fuel engine systems, and improving combustion efficiency in industrial furnaces relying on partially premixed combustion behavior.

Partially Premixed Combustion, Composition PDF Transport, ANSYS Fluent CFD TrainingDescriptionThis project simulates partially premixed combustion using Composition PDF Transport in ANSYS Fluent, examining a combustion chamber featuring three distinct inlet boundaries: a pure air inlet, a fuel-air mixture inlet, and a pilot inlet supplying combusted flow for activation energy. This configuration allows for detailed investigation of partially premixed combustion dynamics under conditions that closely mirror advanced industrial combustion systems.The geometry was designed in Design Modeler and meshed in ANSYS Meshing using a structured grid totaling 2,352 elements.MethodologyThe simulation proceeded across three progressive phases. In the first phase, the Partially Premixed Combustion model was applied with a non-adiabatic energy treatment and a chemical equilibrium approach, using a pre-generated PDF table for efficient data storage and the Zimont model for turbulent flame speed calculation — establishing an initial baseline solution.The second phase built on this foundation by enabling Composition PDF Transport for more detailed modeling, incorporating a Chemkin mechanism for comprehensive reaction chemistry. ISAT (In Situ Adaptive Tabulation) was implemented alongside chemistry agglomeration to balance simulation speed against acceptable error margins during this more computationally demanding stage.The third and final phase refined the solution further by disabling chemistry agglomeration while continuing to draw on the ISAT table populated during the second phase — achieving a high-fidelity result capable of capturing the full complexity of the combustion dynamics involved. Throughout all three phases, the energy equation remained enabled to track temperature changes accurately, with turbulence modeled using the standard k-epsilon model.ConclusionResults include temperature distribution contours, velocity profiles throughout the chamber, mass fractions for the various chemical species, and streamlines revealing the resulting flow and mixing patterns. These results offer insight into how combustion progresses within this partially premixed, multi-inlet environment, how temperature evolves across different regions of the chamber, how species form and are consumed throughout the reaction, and specifically how the pilot inlet influences overall combustion dynamics.These insights are directly applicable to designing advanced gas turbine combustors, optimizing multi-fuel combustion systems, and improving efficiency in industrial furnaces and boilers relying on complex, partially premixed combustion behavior.

Combustion Chamber CFD Simulation with Combusting Particle, ANSYS Fluent TrainingDescriptionThis project simulates a combustion chamber involving combusting particles using ANSYS Fluent, with the 3D geometry designed in SpaceClaim and the domain meshed in ANSYS Meshing using a structured grid totaling 125,000 cells. Given the nature of this problem, the simulation was run using a transient solver to capture the time-dependent behavior of the combustion process as it develops within the chamber.MethodologyGiven the continued industrial reliance on coal and the growing importance of developing cleaner coal combustion technologies, accurately modeling coal combustion characteristics remains an important area of study. This simulation uses a two-way Discrete Phase Model (DPM) for particle tracking, with anthracite — the highest-calorific-value type of coal — used as the injected material, while the Species Transport model with its volumetric sub-model was enabled to capture the combustion reaction itself. Particles were injected into the domain at a velocity of 1 m/s and a temperature of 308 K over a 1-second injection period, with turbulence resolved using the standard k-epsilon model and the energy equation enabled to capture temperature variation throughout the domain as combustion progresses.ConclusionResults include 2D and 3D contours of temperature along with particle track visualizations, confirming that effective combustion occurred within the chamber. The average chamber temperature reached 3765.30 K, a result consistent with the high calorific value expected from anthracite combustion and indicative of a well-sustained reaction throughout the injection period.

Combustion Chamber by DPM Spray, CFD Simulation ANSYS Fluent TrainingDescriptionThis project simulates a combustion chamber incorporating the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) using ANSYS Fluent, with the 3D geometry built in SpaceClaim and the mesh generated in ANSYS Meshing. The mesh was initially constructed using tetrahedral elements, then converted into a polyhedral mesh within Fluent itself. Given the nature of this problem, the simulation was run using a transient solver to capture the time-dependent development of the spray and combustion process.MethodologyThis project simulates a gas turbine combustion chamber — a configuration commonly used in jet engine applications — using the Discrete Phase Model alongside the Species Transport model. The effect of injecting sprayed benzene combusting particles is captured using the Eddy-Dissipation combustion approach together with its volumetric sub-model, with the Species Transport model enabled to represent the combustion reaction itself. Both airflow and fuel enter the domain through their respective inlet boundaries at a velocity of 3 m/s, with turbulence resolved using the SST k-omega model and the energy equation enabled to capture temperature variation as combustion progresses.ConclusionResults include contours of temperature and chemical species mass fraction, along with particle track visualizations. The benzene fuel reaches the nozzle as sprayed particles and is carried into the combustion chamber at high velocity, where combustion occurs within the nozzle before the resulting high-speed, high-temperature flow enters the chamber itself. The accompanying animation reveals that the flame front advances more slowly than the fuel penetration, with the injected fuel outpacing the flame as it moves through the domain.

Wet Combustion Using DPM Combusting Particle, ANSYS Fluent TrainingDescriptionThis project simulates the wet combustion of anthracite particles within a combustion chamber using ANSYS Fluent, combining the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) with the Species Transport model to capture the full combustion process — from particle devolatilization through oxidation, producing carbon dioxide and water vapor as reaction products.The geometry was designed in Design Modeler and meshed in ANSYS Meshing using an unstructured grid, subsequently converted into polyhedral cells to reduce computational cost while preserving mesh quality.MethodologyAnthracite particles were modeled with a 2% liquid fraction and injected over a 0.5-second duration, using non-spherical particle shapes combined with a Rosin-Rammler diameter distribution to represent realistic fuel particle behavior. As the particles heat up within the chamber, they undergo devolatilization, releasing volatile fractions that subsequently oxidize alongside the remaining particle mass.The Species Transport model tracks this multi-component reaction process, capturing the release and oxidation of volatiles and the resulting production of carbon dioxide and water vapor, while the coupled DPM framework tracks each particle's individual heating, devolatilization, and combustion behavior throughout its trajectory in the domain.ConclusionThe simulation captures the complete combustion pathway of the anthracite particles, from initial heating through devolatilization and final oxidation, with chamber temperatures reaching as high as 2400 K as combustion proceeds. The resulting temperature and species distribution fields illustrate how particle-scale combustion dynamics — driven by particle size distribution, volatile release timing, and oxidation behavior — collectively shape the chamber's overall thermal and chemical environment, providing insight directly applicable to industrial coal, biomass, and waste combustion system design.

Liquid Fuel Combustion Inside a Chamber Using DPMDescriptionLiquid fuel combustion processes have been at the core of energy production and propulsion systems for over a century, providing the necessary thrust and power for a wide range of applications. Among the various fuel types, liquid ethanol (C₂H₅OH) has gained attention as a renewable and cleaner-burning alternative to fossil fuels, and when paired with an oxidizer such as nitrous oxide (N₂O), it can undergo a vigorous combustion reaction that releases energy for various industrial and technological applications.This project models that ethanol-nitrous oxide combustion process using ANSYS Fluent, with the geometry designed in SpaceClaim. The combustion chamber measures 6000 mm in diameter, featuring a fuel nozzle positioned at its center. The domain was meshed in ANSYS Meshing, generating a total of 769,000 elements.MethodologyThe liquid fuel droplets were modeled using a two-way Discrete Phase Model (DPM), with the continuous phase solved under steady-state conditions while the discrete phase was tracked unsteadily to capture droplet behavior over time. Turbulence was resolved using the standard k-epsilon model, while the combustion of ethanol and nitrous oxide was captured using the Species Transport model with its volumetric reaction option, coupled with the Eddy-Dissipation turbulent-chemistry interaction model.ConclusionThe simulation proceeded in two major stages. First, the continuous phase was solved, allowing the velocity and pressure fields to reach steady conditions, with the chamber's average temperature settling at 320 K while filled with nitrous oxide. Once this steady state was established, fuel injection began: ethanol droplets measuring 0.5 mm were injected at a temperature of 273.15 K.As the fuel droplets absorbed heat from the surrounding environment, their temperature rose over time until reaching the devolatilization point, at which ethanol vapor was released and given the opportunity to mix with the nitrous oxide oxidizer and react. This reaction drove a dramatic temperature rise, with the chamber's average temperature climbing to approximately 460 K, while producing combustion products according to the following reaction:3C₂H₅OH + 2N₂O → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O + 2N₂

Rosseland Radiation Model, Combustion of Train in TunnelDescriptionThis project simulates the combustion of a train within a tunnel environment using ANSYS Fluent, focusing on the resulting radiation heat transfer captured through the Rosseland radiation model — a method specifically suited to optically thick media such as the dense combustion products generated in this confined-space fire scenario.The 3D geometry represents the tunnel interior with the train positioned inside, meshed using an unstructured grid totaling 372,705 cells.MethodologyCombustion was modeled using the Species Transport model with a volume-based reaction definition representing diesel-air combustion. Radiation heat transfer was captured using the Rosseland approximation, a simplified form derived from the P-1 radiation model that becomes appropriate once the optical thickness of the medium exceeds approximately 3 — a condition well-suited to the soot- and combustion-product-laden atmosphere generated by a train fire within an enclosed tunnel.Boundary conditions were configured to represent fuel leakage and its interaction with the surrounding air, coupling the combustion source with the broader tunnel airflow.ConclusionResults include detailed contours of temperature distribution, velocity fields, radiative heat flux, and mass fractions of fuel, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor. Together, these results characterize how combustion and radiation heat transfer interact within the confined tunnel geometry, illustrating how the Rosseland approximation captures radiative heat exchange through the optically thick combustion products generated by the fire.These results are directly relevant to tunnel and railway fire safety assessments, offering insight into thermal and radiative conditions during a train fire event that can inform tunnel safety design, ventilation strategy, and emergency response planning.