Electrical & Power: Server Room Cooling, 6 Cabinets

Server Room Cooling with 6 Cabinets — ANSYS Fluent CFD Simulation

Server rooms generate large amounts of heat, and keeping that heat within a safe band is critical: manufacturers typically specify an operating range of about 10–32 °C, and drifting below or above that range creates unstable conditions that threaten the equipment. Cooling is therefore one of the core challenges in data-center design, alongside airflow planning, power redundancy, and fire suppression. This project uses ANSYS Fluent to model the airflow and temperature distribution inside a six-cabinet server room and determine whether the cooling keeps every rack within the safe thermal range.

The room is modeled in three dimensions in Design Modeler, measuring 7 × 4 × 2 m, with six server cabinets each measuring 1 × 0.6 × 1.8 m arranged as heat sources. The domain is meshed in ANSYS Meshing with a structured grid of 448,000 elements.

The simulation treats the room as a forced-convection problem. Cool air enters at 15 °C, and each of the six cabinet racks is modeled as a 400 W heat source. Because forced convection dominates over natural convection here, air density is taken as constant. The key variable studied is the inlet air speed, which is run at two values — 0.5 m/s and 1 m/s — to see how supply velocity affects how well the racks are cooled. The goal is to find conditions that hold the entire room within the safe sub-32 °C range.

At the end of the solution, you generate 2-D and 3-D contours of temperature and streamlines, along with plots of the maximum and average fluid temperature. The results tell a clear engineering story: at the lower inlet speed of 0.5 m/s, the maximum temperature condition is not satisfied — parts of the room exceed the safe 32 °C limit. Raising the inlet speed to 1 m/s brings the maximum temperature down to around 30 °C, back inside the safe band. In other words, increasing the supply airflow directly improves rack cooling and resolves the overheating. By the end of this project, you'll be able to set up a 3-D forced-convection cooling simulation with multiple heat sources, run a comparative study across inlet conditions, and use temperature contours and bulk-temperature plots to verify that a cooling design meets a required thermal limit.